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Gantry crane is a bridge crane, which is supported on the ground track by two outrigger arms. Structurally, it consists of a gantry, a trolley running mechanism, a lifting trolley and electrical parts. Some gantry cranes have outriggers on only one side, and the other side is supported on the factory building or elevated for operation, which is called a semi-gantry crane. Gantry cranes are composed of the gantry upper bridge (including the main beam and end beams), the outrigger arm, the lower beam and other parts. In order to expand the operating range of the crane, the main beam can be extended to one or both sides outside the outrigger arm to form a cantilever. A lifting trolley with a boom arm can also be used to expand the operating range of the crane by pitching and rotating the boom arm.
Classification by type
Gantry cranes can be classified by door frame structure, main beam form, main beam structure, and usage form.
Gantry structure
Gantry crane and cantilever gantry crane
*Gantry crane
1. Full gantry crane: the main beam has no overhang, and the trolley is carried out within the main span;
2. Semi-gantry crane: the extended arm has a height difference, which can be determined according to the civil construction requirements of the use site.
*Cantilever gantry crane
1. Double cantilever gantry crane: It is the most common form of structure. Whether its structural force and effective use of site area are reasonable.
2. Single cantilever gantry crane: Due to site restrictions, this structural form is usually selected.
*Main girder form
1. Single main beam
Single-beam gantry crane has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture and install, has a small mass, and the main beam is mostly a derailed box frame structure. Compared with double-beam gantry cranes, the overall rigidity is weaker. Therefore, when the lifting capacity Q≤50t and the span S≤35m, this form can be used. The single-beam gantry crane has two types of gantry legs: L-type and C-type. The L-type is easy to manufacture and install, has good stress conditions, and has a small mass, but the space for hoisting goods through the gantry legs is relatively small. The C-type gantry legs are made into an inclined or curved shape, with the purpose of having a larger lateral space so that the goods can pass through the gantry legs smoothly.
2. Double main beam
Double-beam gantry cranes have strong carrying capacity, large span, good overall stability, and a wide variety, but their own mass is larger than that of single-beam gantry cranes with the same lifting capacity, and the price is more expensive. According to the different main beam structures, it can be divided into two forms: box beam and truss. Generally, a box structure is used.
Main beam structure
1. Keel beam
The structural form of angle steel or I-beam welding has the advantages of low cost, light weight and good wind resistance. However, due to the large number of welding points, the truss itself has defects, and the truss beam also has the disadvantages of large deflection, low rigidity, relatively low reliability and frequent welding point inspection. It is suitable for places with low safety requirements and small lifting capacity.
2. Box beam
The steel plate is welded into a box structure, which has the characteristics of high safety and high rigidity. It is generally used for large tonnage and large tonnage gantry cranes. As shown in the right figure, MGhz1200, with a lifting capacity of 1200 tons, is the largest gantry crane in China. The main beam adopts a box beam structure. The box beam also has the disadvantages of high cost, deadweight and poor wind resistance.
3. Honeycomb beam
Generally known as "isosceles triangle honeycomb beam", the end face of the main beam is triangular, with honeycomb holes on the oblique belly on both sides, and strings on the top and bottom. The honeycomb beam absorbs the characteristics of truss beams and box beams, and has greater rigidity, less deflection and higher reliability than truss beams. However, due to the use of welded steel plates, the deadweight and cost are slightly higher than truss beams. It is suitable for sites or beam yards with frequent use or large lifting capacity. Since this type of beam is a patented product, there are relatively few manufacturers.
1. According to the shape,the grab can be classified into clamshape grab and orange peel grab, the former consists of two complete buckets, and the latter is made up of three or more than three jaws.
2. It ia mainly designed for handing of power and fine bulk materials such aschemicals,fertilizer,grain,coal,coke,iron ore,sand,particle consreuction materials and amashed rocks etc.
3. It has been widely used in ports,steel plants,power stations,ships and garbage treatment,plants,and is used together with tower cranes,ship cranes,ship unloaders,traveling cranes and other type of cranes.Under running cranes or bridge crane are distinguished by the fact that they are supported from a ceiling structure and run on the bottom flange of structural members.
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